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by Lavoisier Cornerstone
Ladies and Gentleman of Grow The Heck Up, I'd like to introduce to you, Stephanie Grace, the third-year Harvard Law student who recently came under fire for sending out a mass email emphatically asserting that black people were genetically inferior to white people. While out at dinner with friends one evening, a heated race debate ensued in which Ms. Grace took the position that blacks were genetically inferior and less intelligent than whites. After the dinner, Ms. Grace, wanting to clarify her position, sent out a mass email reaffirming her stance. This email made its way to a member of the Harvard Black Law Student Association (HBLSA), and in turn made its way to the media.
Here is the email in its entirety:
I absolutely do not rule out the possibility that African Americans are, on average, genetically predisposed to be less intelligent.
I could also obviously be convinced that by controlling for the right variables, we would see that they are, in fact, as intelligent as white people under the same circumstances. The fact is, some things are genetic. African Americans tend to have darker skin. Irish people are more likely to have red hair. (Now on to the more controversial:) Women tend to perform less well in math due at least in part to prenatal levels of testosterone, which also account for variations in mathematics performance within genders. This suggests to me that some part of intelligence is genetic, just like identical twins raised apart tend to have very similar IQs and just like I think my babies will be geniuses and beautiful individuals whether I raise them or give them to an orphanage in Nigeria. I don't think it is that controversial of an opinion to say I think it is at least possible that African Americans are less intelligent on a genetic level, and I didn't mean to shy away from that opinion at dinner.
I also don't think that there are no cultural differences or that cultural differences are not likely the most important sources of disparate test scores (statistically, the measurable ones like income do account for some raw differences). I would just like some scientific data to disprove the genetic position, and it is often hard given difficult to quantify cultural aspects. One example (courtesy of Randall Kennedy) is that some people, based on crime statistics, might think African Americans are genetically more likely to be violent, since income and other statistics cannot close the racial gap. In the slavery era, however, the stereotype was of a docile, childlike, African American, and they were, in fact, responsible for very little violence (which was why the handful of rebellions seriously shook white people up). Obviously group wide rates of violence could not fluctuate so dramatically in ten generations if the cause was genetic, and so although there are no quantifiable data currently available to "explain" away the racial discrepancy in violent crimes, it must be some nongenetic cultural shift. Of course, there are pro-genetic counterarguments, but if we assume we can control for all variables in the given time periods, the form of the argument is compelling.
In conclusion, I think it is bad science to disagree with a conclusion in your heart, and then try (unsuccessfully, so far at least) to find data that will confirm what you want to be true. Everyone wants someone to take 100 white infants and 100 African American ones and raise them in Disney utopia and prove once and for all that we are all equal on every dimension, or at least the really important ones like intelligence. I am merely not 100% convinced that this is the case.
Please don't pull a Larry Summers on me,
Stephanie
Hey, I never would have guessed it...she looks like a nice enough girl to me wouldn't ya say? I'm being facetious of course, but that's part of the reason that I posted this piece of news. This woman isn't wearing a white sheet with a pointy hat, and she's not from the backwoods of the South fighting for the right to fly a confederate flag down at the court house. She graduated from Princeton in 2007 with a degree in...Sociology (?), is on the Harvard Law Review, and will soon be headed to California for federal clerkship with Ninth Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski who had to recuse himself because he caught an obscenity case for having...cow...porn...on his personal website? (Alrightythen). I digress.
Oh but she's only one person right GTHU? Sure a few people think like that, but it's not REALLY that prevalent right? Wrong. In October of 2007, world renowned molecular biologist and Nobel Prize James Watson who co-discovered DNA and the double helix structure also asserted a similar belief. The 79-year-old geneticist said he was “inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa” because “all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours - whereas all the testing says not really.". He said he hoped that everyone was equal, but countered that “people who have to deal with black employees find this not true”. This is the guy that discovered that twisty DNA thingy!
See most racists don't think that their racists....they just think that what they believe about other people is the truth. I tell you one thing though, for anyone who's not white, and not a Christian, evolution shouldn't even be something you consider as a possibility. Because according to those that make the science, everything they see tells them that you're inferior. The proof of your value as human being is only found in God,and who he says you are in his word. And for my white brothers and sisters who are Christians, I pray that God would break your heart for racism and those who are greatly hurt by it...not just some Ethiopian kid on a commercial that needs food, but for racism itself. That you would begin to be as outraged and offended by it just as much as any other evil. See, America (and satan) has spent much of its time convincing black people (and other races, but especially the former slaves who built this country) through legislation, media, propaganda, etc., that they are inferior. So while its not an excuse, many of us are just playing out the only role that many in America feel is the only one that we are able to...just ask the Academy, they only seem to only give out Oscars to black people for playing thugs (Denzel Washington in Training Day), whores (Halle Berry in Monsters Ball), and pimps (Three 6 Mafia for It's Hard Out Here For a Pimp). Can you understand to SOME degree why people were so excited about a Black President? Sheesh. And as for homegirl, Ms. Stephanie Grace, she needs to really Grow the Heck Up! For a related topic, also check out the review on the book: Darwin's Plantation: Evolution's Racist Roots
66 Response to Harvard Student Says Blacks Genetically Inferior
uh... where does she say that?
She is very shrewd in her comments, bypassing any concrete statements with 'possibility', 'could', and 'would' (in the first paragraph alone).
"I absolutely do not rule out the possibility that African Americans are, on average, genetically predisposed to be less intelligent. I could also obviously be convinced that by controlling for the right variables, we would see that they are, in fact, as intelligent as white people under the same circumstances. The fact is, some things are genetic"
She presupposes answers to the genetic inferiority question by loading the questions by including the answers within the questions.
Sooo... she never ACTUALLY says Blacks are Genetically Inferior, but it is impossible to deny that is the meaning of her convoluted statements.
"but it is impossible to deny that is the meaning of her convoluted statements."
Surely this is incorrect. The web is buzzing with people who deny it. You may have meant that it is unreasonable to deny? Perhaps that it is unreasonable even to doubt?
My concern is less with the likelihood of her guilt, than my observations of guilt from association, or of expressions of doubt.
I think the blog poster was being careless between "says" and "implies", and you seem to agree that with be about what she never said... that is, "actually" said.
Do you consider that an insignificant distinction? Perhaps for the moral issue of her character, if you are convinced of it, it really is not significant. But there is a big but:
It is easier to see what someone says that what someone implied. Implications are often unclear to many (even those of good well). I may condemn her if she says it. I may condemn her if she implies it. I might me obliged to. I might be an ass for doubting, or for expressing doubts, if I see that she says it, or if I see that she implies it.
Now if she said it, then you should expect no doubt in my mind. I would be an ass for doubting her racism.
If she implied it, then I would be an ass for doubting, if the implication was clear to be. But what if the implication is not clear to be? YOu might call me stupid, or tone deaf, or all kinds of things. These are names I can live with. But am I evil, or racist, or somehow one of bad character?
Because if she said it rather than implied it, well then: unless I am unable to read, then I am culpable in expressing doubts. And clearly, I can read.
This is what follows from misstating the issue (said vs implied ve suggested, etc) and in overstating it. "It is impossible to deny"... "It is clear that"... "Certainly, it is the case that"... Impossible for whom? Clear to whom? Certain to whom? To the speaker? To most people? To anyone intelligent? To anyone of good will? To anyone who is not a racist themselves?
I don't mean to say that you imply this, but there is always an implicit "whom" -- and just whom that "whom" is makes a big difference. Which is, incidentally, why many people hedge what they say by "possibly", "could", and "would", even if some do it to shrewdly mask evil.
But in any case -- if you do acknowledge that someone might express doubts yet be someone of good faith, rhetoric that misstates or overstates shuts the other person out of the discussion.
Now you might dismiss me as unreasonable (do you?) in suggesting all this. YOu have to judge what you think I mean by my statements here (which are probably more convoluted than her's, but perhaps more carefully expressed). Do I strike you as someone reasonable to talk to? And if so, what do you consider the effect of saying "...it is impossible to deny..." on our dialog?
I wear my heart on my sleeve here. I really am interested in what you do think here. (And LC perhaps?)
Largo, Tim R, what's up!
Kudos Largo, for I'm a stickler for words and what they mean "exactly" also. But alas, I think I've bested you. Lol
Let's explore the synonyms of the word "say" shall we?
According to Dictionary.com, the synonyms for the word "SAY" are:
add, affirm, allege, announce, answer, assert, break silence, claim, come out with, communicate, conjecture, convey, declare, deliver, disclose, divulge, do, estimate, express, flap, gab, give voice, guess, imagine, IMPLY, jaw, judge, lip, maintain, make known, mention, opine, orate, perform, pronounce, put forth, put into words, rap, read, recite, rehearse, relate, remark, render, repeat, reply, report, respond, reveal, rumor, speak, spiel*, state, suggest, tell, utter, verbalize, voice, yak
The definition for Synonym reads:
Synonym: 1. a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the language, as joyful, elated, glad.
2.a word or expression accepted as another name for something, as Arcadia for pastoral simplicity; metonym.
So I get what your "implying", but according to the rules that govern the English Language, I believe I have license to substitute "say" for "imply" : )
Thanks for engaging.
Tim R! Thank you as well good buddy.
Thank you, Lavoisier, for your kind and inviting words! I am not yet ready to say touché, because I think I have a parry to your thrust! :)
Actually, I want to turn this fencing metaphor on its head--and there is nuance to to the word engagement here that is apropos of this. Unfortunately I'm out of time now, but I might be able to comment tomorrow, if you are agreeable to engaging further.
Cheers!
Whatever or whomever you are today has more to do with your genes (acquired through the centuries from the people of your own race, from where ever they lived) than anything else. How far have you evolved? Here are some FACTS for you:
American black males are twice as likely as American white males to have the MAOA-L gene which has been linked to crime, violence and aggression in scores of studies going back over fifteen years. Black males are also 13.5 times more likely to have a rare version of the gene associated with "extreme violence and extreme aggression." Latinos and American Indians are also nearly twice as likely as whites to have the more common version of the gene. However they are only about one fourth as likely to have the extreme version compared to blacks.
New scientific techniques have brought to light exactly how the so-called "warrior gene" named MAOA-L works. New studies using MRI show how brain activity in those who have the MAOA-L gene differs from those without it.
Studies have linked the gene to increased levels of sexual violence, alcoholism, crime, and even higher levels of credit card debt. However, very little is said about it outside of scientific journals. The reason is obvious. Many articles published on the gene state that it has serious implications concerning race and ethnicity.
Whites, usually referred to in euphemisms like "westerners," are said to be less likely to have the gene than other groups. One third of whites have MAOA-L, while groups usually only identified as "others" have instances of two thirds or higher. It has also been suggested in scientific journals that whites may be less affected by the gene than "others."
In fact, researchers have even censored their own findings on race and MAOA-L! Others have faced hostility from the University community for mentioning which races have the highest rates.
What's more, even less is said about some of the even rarer extreme forms of the gene. Most people with MAOA-L have the "3 allele repeat version." There is a rarer "2 allele repeat version" that is usually described as "associated with extreme aggression and extreme violence." Several studies have concluded that 1% or less of all white males in the United Sates posses the dangerous 2 allele repeat version. Meanwhile a study of "non-white Americans" showed that the extra dangerous version occurred in 6% of non-white American men. One lone study from 2006 tested blacks alone and found that 13.5% have the extra dangerous version of the gene.
Maybe that's why these statistics ring true:
Between 1976 and 2005, blacks made up 13% of the US population, but committed 59% of felony murders. Overall, blacks are 9 times more likely to commit murder than whites. [Source: US Department of Justice].
The facts don't care if you like them, or agree with them, or even ignore them. They are still the facts. Think about that for a while.
Hey there uh..."Anonymous"! Thanks for the ignorance, its always welcome : )
Got some facts for ya too...
Child Sexual Molestation: 75% More Prevalent in White Communities
Alcoholism, Drug Abuse, Suicide, Eating Disorders, Self-Mutilation, Mass Killing (not the one to one violence that occurs in poor minority neighborhoods)....ALL more prevalent among Whites. What Gene is that? How...um...EVOLVED would you classify such behavior and pathologies?
To "Anonymous"
It’s very interesting that you chose to post anonymously. I can’t fault you though: I would post anonymously as well if I were throwing around “statistics” and “facts” that are baseless and completely unfounded. Even within the realm of numerical statistics, which can very often be manipulated to prove ANYTHING, what you presented is incorrect. I’d also like to note that that the assertions of your entire statement is not reflected in the findings of any reputable university study, research institution, science publication, or the United States Dept. of Justice, but DOES appear prominently in the propaganda literature of various white supremacist, kkk, white/euro/nordic pride organizations, groups, forums, and websites. Word for word, most of the time. Very interesting.
Yes, there is such a thing as the MAOA gene, also referred to as the “warrior gene,” and it has been studied quite a bit since first discovered. The gene is linked to aggression, depression, decision-making styles, and a number of other things. Studies reveal NO major difference in the “rates” at which the gene occurs among tested ethnic groups. If you know of any valid source that states otherwise, please post it or include an indexing reference for any government agency website (.gov) that you found it on. The burden of proof is on YOU, bud. Your assertion that “American black males are twice as likely as American white males to have the MAOA-L gene…” is not only wrong, but a reflection of the hack-job editing that White Hate Groups do to valid and accepted studies to justify their bigoted claims.
Let me put you on to game: These groups go through scientific studies and place “found in black males” after anything with a negative connotation. They then re-publish the manipulated and edited studies on their websites and in their literature but make sure to credit it to the institutions that originally published it(before editing) so it looks credible. Most people who read these fake findings don’t take the time to fact check, and the fact that they’re on supremacist sites to begin with means they’re all the more ready to believe and spread the bogus findings anyway. I’m not done yet. Some of the hate groups with money actually commission their own independent “scientific” studies to support their claims. These studies usually look something like the following: 2 White males over 70 yrs of age, 90 Black males 20-30 yrs of age, 70 Hispanic males 20-30 years of age. They then test testosterone levels(which are naturally higher in younger men) and claim that Black and Hispanic males overwhelmingly have more “aggression” than white males and then link that magically to inherent tendencies of violence and rape. This is why stats can be misleading. The manipulation of study groups and samples, and misinterpretation of results is a huge problem itself in a scientific community that is driven by political motives. This is why the very idea of evolution and its arguments are questionable(I’ll leave that for another time). And by the way, just because you say “Source: US Dept. of Justice” after something doesn’t mean that they said it. Show your work.
Issues of things like crime, violence, poverty, intelligence, etc. are SOCIAL ones. Not determined by race and genetics, but by environmental factors and conditioning since the founding of this great nation. Until we address and make efforts to remedy the conditions and ingredients that cause these things, especially morally, they will not only continue to exist, but increasingly grow worse over time and the studies and numbers will continue to reflect this. We need to focus on the reasons behind the results. I’ll be here all week, folks.
Saint Joogs is ridiculously awesome. [Source: US Dept. of Justice]
I can do it too,homie.
Joogs
Wish that fat, inferior nordic white dog had the guts to be frank..i.e., tell the absolute direct truth: blacks as a majority are mentally retarded compared to every other race. I have been around educated blacks considered the smartest, and all they had to offer was everything they learned from the white man: they have never been leaders, and they even follow the white man's religion. Those jungle bunnie idiots hate the white man, but love their religion. I never believed the scientific theory that we are all one race, and changed due to natural selection. I do not even feel a kinship to nordic whites. The mediterreans paved the way for them. Face it, we are not all the same.
@Saint Joogs...wow, very well put.
@Anonymous...The facts don't care if you like them, or agree with them, or even ignore them. They are still the facts. Think about that for a while....lol.
@the other "Anonymous"...Lol..u guys are punks.
I'm going to leave your comment, because your barbarism and lack of civility speaks for itself and does more to weaken the validity of your argument than any response I could post. I tell you one thing though, I pray that God would heal your heart from whatever has you so angry and hateful. I don't hate the white man bro...hatred is more for the weak than it is for the strong : )
I will give you one thing though...you're right. We are NOT all the same. God gave every, single, individual human being a different fingerprint, never to be duplicated. So my wife and I aren't the same...my kids and I aren't the same...Saint Joogs and I aren't the same. So in that respect, yes, none of us are the same...isn't God cool for that though??!?! Lol. You may not feel a kinship with nordic whites, but I hope you find some good kinship somewhere bro because it sure seems like you could use it...I'm praying for you man. Take Care...
You guys are still punks for taking advantage of the anonymity of the internet though.
Blacks have the highest cime rate statistics in the USA. Do I need to direct you to those trusted websites to prove it?
God? What God? Who said I believe in God? Please don't bore me by jumping on the self-righteous priggish bandwagon path now as a result of being offended by MY fundamental right to an honest opinion. And do not pretend to love whites because you don't.
Pro·jec·tion [ pr uh- jek-sh uh n]
The tendency to ascribe to another person feelings thoughts, or attitudes present in oneself, or to regard external reality as embodying such feelings, thoughts, etc in some way
[Source: Dictionary.com]
@Genoveva
I love people bro. And their color, gender, sexual orientation, cultural proclivities don't stop me from at least ENDEAVORING to love them. I don't hate you at all bro...not offended in the least...if I was, I could delete your comment. I'm a black man and I am not out to harm you or fight with you or fight for some position of superiority. Again...hatred is for the weak bro...not the strong.
As for God, I didn't at all assert that YOU believed in Him. Besides, you not believing in Him doesn't change the fact that you'll stand before Him to give an account for your life when you die...every word, every thought, every deed.
Again, take care and be well...love you man. We can continue in private discourse if you like, but if not, peace be with you.
Okay, I'm the first "Anonymous" here, and I gave my sources which are reliable, and yet NO ONE has been able to refute them with other sources. You all need to read "The 10,000 Year Explosion" if you are intelligent enough to understand genetics on even the most basic level.
It's stupid to think that genes can control our hair color, skin color, height, lactose tolerance, proclivity toward sickle cell, proclivity toward Tay-Sachs, and so much more, but our genes completely ignore the brain???? To think that all our brains are the same is really idiotic. You are just clinging to the fear of racism you were taught in elementary school. Our brains ARE different and those differences are controlled by our GENES. If you are smart, most of that smartness is because your parents were smart. No one wants to admit it, but the science rings true. It can't all be about culture, because, after all, where do you think the DIFFERENT cultures come from anyway? They are created by the brains that use them. It is and always has been about GENES.
The statistics listed above about the prevalences of certain alleles of the gene MAOA by race come from my reviews of the scientific literature. If you want specific sources, read my blog.
You're throwing around the term "Racism" much too liberally. The true definition of the word is A) the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races OR
B) discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race.
I simply do not see how referring to racial differences in intelligence equates to racist "White Power". It's been long established that, on average, East Asians (AKA "Mongoloids") have the highest IQs and that Sub-Saharan Africans (AKA "Negroids") possess the most athletic prowess. Whites (AKA "Caucasoids") fall in between the above two in natural athleticism and intelligence, but are on average closer to the former.
The young woman's views are more "racialist" than racist, meaning it seems she may endorse the idea that there are inherent differences between populations of peoples that were forced to adapt to vastly different environs. I think that stance makes sense. True racialism does not have to equate to racism, nor does it have to equate to hatred.
There is HUGE variation in our species. If we are all "all the same," as the anti-racialist neo-liberals love saying, then our species is truly fucked. Genotypic (genes) and phenotypic (outward appearance) diversity is what ensures the survival of a species.
People need to stop labeling everything remotely non-PC (non-neoliberal) as "racist" if they want their concerns to be examined seriously.
Ok... Assuming that the GENE statements made throughout the posts of the Anonymous ones are indeed true, also assuming that we were all one race at some point in time, DEVELOPMENT plays a major role in what YOU will pass down your genetic line.
Different people naturally have different abilities in different areas due to the DEVELOPMENT that came from those before them. If you want to pass down intelligence (or athleticism, or a perfect mix of both), DEVELOP these things during your lifetime, teach your offspring to do the same, each passing down the line to the newer generations will give them an easier time, EACH time.
I understand that the slaves had to get mad and angry and fair bit violent to free themselves from bondage. And the generations upon generations of doing so HAS changed the inherent genetics of those who are in that line. But look around, you ARE free, as free as you wish to be. What the hell are you fighting for now??
The unfortunate part is that the MINDSET of a reality of the past has been pushed to the present AND is still trying to be pushed to the future. And THIS, along with the GENERALIZATION of a race itself, is why racism still exists.
If you THINK that a certain race or group is out to get you and bring you down, then you will live like such is true; your reactions to encouters with members of a certain group or race will always be afixed towards such a reality. And what does that do to you in the long run? What will you teach your children? What will your children teach theirs?
The ripple goes farther than you know... So why not put something worthwhile in that ripple instead, like Acceptance, or universal love of the ONE race, the HUMAN race; for our children and their children are the ones who decide who WE are as Humans. If we keep squabbling over nothing, we will be left divided, and we WILL be conquered; if not by anything else, our own IGNORANCE.
I am a new Anonymous commenter. Let me just start off by stating that I am asian. Lavoisier Cornerstone, everything you said in your comment on the white's "Negative Contributions", are not only biased, but wrong according to all the research I have done. And the fact that you accepted saint joogs comment as "very well put", show's something about you becouse it attacks the very biast information that you distilled. Why is it biased? Becouse America is a white majority country, the fact that something like child mullestation is more commonly commited by whites doesn't mean as race goes, you are in more danger to be mollested by a white than a black, it means there are more cases of it with whites. Now given the white population, compared to the african american population, I found out that child mullestation is actually more commonly present in the african american race. Everything you said was destroyed by statics except eating disorder(And its a disorder, not comparable in anyways to high crime rate or something of the sort) and btw asians have the highest suicide rates. Let me finish with you by stating this, the african american race is 14% of the population but more that 70% of the crime rate. A iq of 120 is found 1 in every 31 white males opposed to 1 in every 23276 black males. And iq testing(which despite popular belief, is not biased) and sat scores both show that Asians sit at the highest, followed by whites, hispanics, and then african americans. Also check your information, for political reasons, hispanics and whites are often categorized in the same group. And Saint Joogs....im not even going to go threw heap of vage informal information you shoved into your comment. Your conspiracy theory shows true ignorance.
Im not posting this saying Asians are the supperior race, im posting this saying that everyrace is supperior in there own ways, mainly based on natural selection, Asian being a logical intellegent race, African being a strong athletic race, and "White" being a versitille cross between the two.
There are lies, there are damned lies and then there are statistics (Mark Twain). The problem with attempting to tackle the topic of race and intelligence lies in the obvious fact that the human race is a diverse species, both among the various races and within those racial lines. Scientifically speaking we all have our own unique DNA and fingerprints; spiritually speaking God has made each of us unique, transcending even our many commonalities as one human race and our commonalities among our own race. Applying absolute numbers to ascribe meaning to who we are is absurd considering the infinite design of who we are. Certainly, we may use statistics as an initial test of theory, however mathematics will never be the answer to understanding the complexity of the human race.
Science itself is a banner for what goes wrong when we try to define the infinite unknown of humankind in numbers and studies conducted by fallible humans. Science certainly has attempted to become objective in many ways, but in the realm of understanding human beings in concrete terms we fail miserably. But I digress a little...
As to this issue of intelligence and African-descended human beings...firstly, what is completely missed in all these numbers is our acknowledgement and understanding of the tools used to measure intelligence among the races. Intelligence tests are rife with cultural bias. Numerous studies show that the goal to create a 'culture free' intelligence test is far from achieved. Psychologists are still unconvinced of the possibility that this is even fully achievable given the diversity of cultural perceptions of intelligence and how each race/culture grooms their children to fit into their own notions of intelligence. Eg. Raven's Progressive Matrices, a nonverbal intelligence test, originally advertised as "culture free," is now recognized as "culturally loaded".
Added to the diversity of perceptions of intelligence is the issue of exposure, or the impact of the environment/experience on one's intelligence. Besides the multitude of studies on the impact of nurture vs nature, that indicate that one's environment & opportunity do positively or negatively impact one's achievement, the mere fact that Psychologists in the Western world are made to take an oath that they will not expose the person tested to the batch of tests, prior to being tested, is indicative of the fact that exposure/familiarity increases one's ability to achieve higher intelligence test scores (note I do not say that it increases intelligence - but it increases scores on tests).
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Continued...
The statistics referred to in the comments, herein, all reflect the use of a WESTERNIZED (& Eurocentric) intelligence test being applied to non European and non westernized races. Lest we forget, simply being assimilated into a culture, as African descendants have been in America, does not mean a race is completely inclined to think like that culture and lose all that is inherently their own way of being. Therefore, applying a Westernized Eurocentric intelligence test to one who isn't from that culture in an 'original' sense poses questions of validity as to the results. In line with this thought, Richard Nisbett, PhD, & co-director of the Culture and Cognition Program at the University of Michigan, 'cautions against the simplistic idea that everyone raised in a particular culture will share equally in that culture's style of thinking, or that someone raised in one culture will be unable to learn the cognitive style of another.'
Nisbett, who has comparatively studied Eastern and Western notions of intelligence, has also noted that East Asian and Western cultures have developed cognitive styles that differ in fundamental ways, including in how intelligence is understood.
Along with other similar studies, Robert Serpell, PhD, who has studied concepts of intelligence in rural African communities since the 1970s, found that 'people in some African communities, especially where Western schooling has not yet become common-tend to blur the Western distinction between intelligence and social competence. In rural Zambia, for instance, the concept of nzelu includes both cleverness (chenjela) and responsibility (tumikila). Serpell has also stated this of intelligence tests':
"Simply translating a Western test into the local language is not enough. Instead, it is critical to tailor each test to the needs and values of the culture in which it is to be used. Unless that is done you're just going to be able to pick out more efficiently those individuals who would be considered intelligent by Western standards, but you're not going to be able to answer the question of whether you're picking out people who are most intelligent according to the standards of their culture."
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Continued...
Patricia Greenfield, PhD, of the University of California, Los Angeles,
has noted, in several studies, how 'In societies where formal schooling is common, students gain an early familiarity with organizing items into rows and columns, which gives them an advantage over test-takers in cultures where formal schooling is rare.
Similarly, media technologies like television, film and video games give test-takers from cultures where those technologies are widespread an advantage on visual tests, while test-takers from cultures where the language-based media are more common have advantages on verbal tests.' Greenfield does not, however, believe that administering valid tests of ability in other cultures is impossible- just that it requires a "deep familiarity with each culture's values and practices."
And I would add to that: considering the potential impact of nurture, access to resources, and opportunity for achievement on every human being's ability to 'succeed' and 'progress' in life and in reasoning, one must necessarilly count those factors in when creating and scoring culturally specific intelligence tests.
Yes, while we are for the most part, quite the same in overall genetic makeup, we are indeed outfitted with different abilities, both among races and within those races. But added to those differences, what we culturally value is different, what we racially esteem and focus on is different; what we experience in terms of resources and access to opportunity to develop various functions of thinking and being is different. To expect a biased test, and even a well created culturally specific one to come up with one sense of intelligence that can be made directly comparable among the diverse races is absolutely lacking in intelligent thought. Every race has it's genetic predisposition, and every race has it's own intelligence, all to be esteemed highly - to assert that one, seemingly measurable, form of intelligence is superior to another simply plays into racist and supremist notions of humanity.
To borrow, some, from one of the Anonymous commentators here:
"The ripple goes farther than you know... So why not put something worthwhile in that ripple instead, like Acceptance, or universal love of the ONE race, the HUMAN race; for our children and their children are the ones who decide who WE are as Humans. If we keep squabbling over nothing, we will be left divided, and we WILL be conquered; if not by anything else, our own IGNORANCE."
"She graduated from Princeton in 2007 with a degree in...Sociology (?)"
I don't understand this comment. Are you, somehow, trying to debase her because she has a degree in Sociology? I'd think someone with a degree in Sociology-- especially from Princeton--would at least be somewhat qualified to make an educated assessment on this topic.
Let's get off the PC train, guys. She has an opinion. It may not be one we like but we have to give her credit: she's not afraid to put it out there.
This article was written by someone who is far too uneducated to comprehend what this 3rd year Harvard student was actually saying. This is typical journalistic pap. Please tell me where she was "emphatically asserting that black people were genetically inferior to white people". Sherlock Cornerstone is unable to, and instead goes on a frighteningly bigoted anti-religious, anti-free speech tangent.
To be honest, I think the author's statements reflect the simple-minded middle-american perspective much more than Ms. Grace, spouting zingers like "some Ethiopian kid on a commercial that needs food".
Enjoy your Pravda-esque slanted "news" site, sheep. This is not a site worth giving another hit to.
I'm a retired inner city public school teacher (40 years), and to put it mildly some of these black kids are dumber than a box of rocks, and their parents are worse.
Of course you can give examples of exceptions, but for the most part, you will be overwhelmed with stats and test scores to show that blacks are inferior to Asians, whites, Arabs and Hispanics...Sorry!
I must admit I was wrong listen to the most interesting and intelligent man in the world, who happens to be black.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNZczIgVXjg
Kalinago Woryi
For your information sub Saharan blacks have not even invented the wheel yet, or a written language before foreigners arrived!
I am a college professor & teacher and I am NOT a racist. But from my observations, blacks are the least intelligent among all of my students, and also the most rude and demanding. These are my observations, and, from talking to my colleagues, they also have very similar experiences with black students. Are we just going to ignore all these observations and label them as racisms? I believe there a lot of truth to Miss Stephanie Grace's opinions and I fully support her. Races were not created equal - it is just the fact and the reality!! Stop arguing that blacks possess the same level of intelligence as whites or Asians, becasue it is simply not true and all facts prove it. James watson was exactly on the bullseye when he said that black Africans are really genetically inferior.
Great information! I’ve been looking for something like this for a while now. Thanks!
I really don't want to get into a debate, but I will say this: for one thing I am a black male. And to be completely honest, from what I've seen, Blacks ARE more likely to be aggressive, have "attitude" and while perhaps not being intellectually inferior, to disparage intelligence among fellow blacks as "trying to be white"
I don't think the issue is genetic-the environment seems to be the main cause. I moved to the location I live in now from an all-white area (indeed, my family were the only blacks in the neighbourhood, and besides a few Asians, it was 99% white). And it wasn't until I moved here that I have seen the crude behaviour, and the mass peer pressure to underachieve that PERMEATES the black community!
It's so sad that this happens, and then when people are wary of young blacks or feel apprehensive, instead of changing these trends, society is quick to cry "racist"!
I hate it when one of them mug me in the fucking streets or scam me with their donation schemes. Guess what? I agree with the article. Some of these young black men are genetically inferior; They cheat, steal, commit crimes, and piss me off all the fucking time. I really hate it when they scam me while I am in a good mood because afterwards, I feel like shit. Fuck these black scammers! My quality of life is down by a few points because of a few of them!
The whites ones are sometimes so conceited. It is easy to be conceited when you have a reputable degree and/or a high position and/or somekind of influence.
Note: I'm not directly saying the law student is conceited (even though she is making strong statements about something that is outside of her expertise).
They are genetically inferior. Also, child molestation is not more common in white communities, it's more common in the inbred Jewish communities and Hispanic communities. It's just that these two non white races of people are normally counted as white in crime statistics.
.
THIS is a perfect EXAMPLE of why it is *not*
a moral wrong to STERILIZE BLACK MALES
(while still others should be castrated) – and then
then move on to also sterilize the black females.
They are the ONLY group in history to contribute
nearly NOTHING to society -- other than violence,
low brain-functioning offspring (who they, in their
arrogance and ignorance, then force society to raise),
leeching off of others, disease, sexual irresponsibility
demands for preferential-treatment; constant-whining;
and (as evidenced in case-after-case) double-standards.
Even though there is the occasional, anomalous black
who has honestly 'bootstrapped their way to the success'
-- everyone know that 99% of all of the black people, in
general and all over the world, should simply be sterilized
If our society considers itself to be “moral” then we all know
that sterilization (and often castration) of the black male is
the most decent, most moral choice we can make for them.
The procedure is cheap and painless AND it helps prevent
the arrival of innocent offspring being brought into a world
where those who sired them care nothing about them and
where they are forced to live as mental and moral inferiors.
As a society it is TRULY our MORAL DUTY to do this for them.
It’s a win-win for everyone involved and also for the entire planet.
.
.
THIS is a perfect EXAMPLE of why it is *not*
a moral wrong to STERILIZE BLACK MALES
(while still others should be castrated) – and then
then move on to also sterilize the black females.
They are the ONLY group in history to contribute
nearly NOTHING to society -- other than violence,
low brain-functioning offspring (who they, in their
arrogance and ignorance, then force society to raise),
leeching off of others, disease, sexual irresponsibility
demands for preferential-treatment; constant-whining;
and (as evidenced in case-after-case) double-standards.
Even though there is the occasional, anomalous black
who has honestly 'bootstrapped their way to the success'
-- everyone know that 99% of all of the black people, in
general and all over the world, should simply be sterilized
If our society considers itself to be “moral” then we all know
that sterilization (and often castration) of the black male is
the most decent, most moral choice we can make for them.
The procedure is cheap and painless AND it helps prevent
the arrival of innocent offspring being brought into a world
where those who sired them care nothing about them and
where they are forced to live as mental and moral inferiors.
As a society it is TRULY our MORAL DUTY to do this for them.
It’s a win-win for everyone involved and also for the entire planet.
.
.
THIS is a perfect EXAMPLE of why it is *not*
a moral wrong to STERILIZE BLACK MALES
(while still others should be castrated) – and then
then move on to also sterilize the black females.
They are the ONLY group in history to contribute
nearly NOTHING to society -- other than violence,
low brain-functioning offspring (who they, in their
arrogance and ignorance, then force society to raise),
leeching off of others, disease, sexual irresponsibility
demands for preferential-treatment; constant-whining;
and (as evidenced in case-after-case) double-standards.
Even though there is the occasional, anomalous black
who has honestly 'bootstrapped their way to the success'
-- everyone know that 99% of all of the black people, in
general and all over the world, should simply be sterilized
If our society considers itself to be “moral” then we all know
that sterilization (and often castration) of the black male is
the most decent, most moral choice we can make for them.
The procedure is cheap and painless AND it helps prevent
the arrival of innocent offspring being brought into a world
where those who sired them care nothing about them and
where they are forced to live as mental and moral inferiors.
As a society it is TRULY our MORAL DUTY to do this for them.
It’s a win-win for everyone involved and also for the entire planet.
.
.
THIS is a perfect EXAMPLE of why it is *not*
a moral wrong to STERILIZE BLACK MALES
(while still others should be castrated) – and then
then move on to also sterilize the black females.
They are the ONLY group in history to contribute
nearly NOTHING to society -- other than violence,
low brain-functioning offspring (who they, in their
arrogance and ignorance, then force society to raise),
leeching off of others, disease, sexual irresponsibility
demands for preferential-treatment; constant-whining;
and (as evidenced in case-after-case) double-standards.
Even though there is the occasional, anomalous black
who has honestly 'bootstrapped their way to the success'
-- everyone know that 99% of all of the black people, in
general and all over the world, should simply be sterilized
If our society considers itself to be “moral” then we all know
that sterilization (and often castration) of the black male is
the most decent, most moral choice we can make for them.
The procedure is cheap and painless AND it helps prevent
the arrival of innocent offspring being brought into a world
where those who sired them care nothing about them and
where they are forced to live as mental and moral inferiors.
As a society it is TRULY our MORAL DUTY to do this for them.
It’s a win-win for everyone involved and also for the entire planet.
.
Perhaps if the doubters quit watching TV and actually read the research on the subject they just might find that the truth (no matter how uncomfortable for the closed mind) is that yes, the Negro is intellectually inferior to both Caucasians and Orientals. And this intellectual deficiency is bio-genetic in origin and to a significant degree not remedial to social/environmental enhancement.
Under any accounting or metric, Blacks are inferior. Now, we could argue about WHY this might be (oppression?, slavery?), but it is hard to argue against these statistics:
1. Blacks as a group score significantly lower on academic tests.
2. Blacks as a group score significantly lower on IQ tests.
3. Blacks as a group have a significantly higher incarceration rate.
4. Blacks as a group commit violent crimes at a significantly higher rate.
5. Blacks as a group are much more likely to be born into a fatherless home.
6. Blacks as a group are much less likely to be able to earn high incomes.
7. Blacks as a group are much more likely to pay little to no taxes
8. Blacks as a group are much more likely to be on welfare.
9. Blacks as a group have much lower rates of graduates from high school.
Again, we could argue why this is so, but the sad fact of the matter is that the above statements are true. It is not racist to acknowledge that which is so painfully obvious. And these issues (intelligence, propensity for violence, drug use, etc.) are precisely the types of things a civilized society might care about. For this reason, it is very hard for clear-thinking folks to have a favorable opinion of these folks AS A GROUP.
Regarding WHY blacks are in such an unfortunate position, I might accept the usual explanation that slavery and racism are the root causes, IF someone could show me a black civilization that was even reomotely civilized and not rife with extreme violence, corruption, ignorance, poverty, etc. In other words, if someone could point to some evidence that blacks, when left on their own, are capable of establishing and maintaining an advanced and enlightened society, it might be easier to acknowledge that whites are the cause of their unfortunate state. Sadly, by and large, there is no such evidence.
Her comments don't at all sound like she personally is a racist. She is studying racial diversity and reporting her findings and conclusions. It's the same as saying Asians are smarter than whites. And you know what? They prove it over and over in technology. That's not racist, it's statistics. I don't find anything genetics "impossible". And unless you know genetics, how can you come to the conclusion that she doesn't have data to back her comments. Check her facts and then say she's the next president of the KKK. I'm so tired of the race card. EVERYONE is racist in one way or another. Period. It's time to move on.
I want to marry this girl.
Mr. Matrix
I am posting this in reference to a previous posting:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Anonymous
Sunday, October 31, 2010 7:02:00 PM
I must admit I was wrong listen to the most interesting and intelligent man in the world, who happens to be black.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNZczIgVXjg"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Here is the world's second most interesting and intelligent man, who happens to be White.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEbZqvMu2cQ
In light of all of the above discrepencies, it appears to me that this is but merely a triflin spectacle of unquestioned bias. I believe the the phrase is as follows "to each, his own". Sub-Saharan Africa was once a land of prosperous wealth and a perfect system of circulatory order until (with all due respect) the caucasian man "discovered" what is now South Africa and it's vast gold supply. To intrude more upon the immediate matter at hand, I am a African-American High School Senior who recently attended an engineering summit at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. Becoming more aquainted with my fellow attendees, it arrived at my attention that the Caucasian students furthest from urbanized black communities had recieved a much greater education than; speaking mathematic and scientific terms that i had yet to lay eyes upon. We were tasked with a challenge to devlope instruments that created certain frequencies incorperating principles such as: the Doppler effect, longitudnal-compression, acoustics and etc. The following scentence is dedecated to the retired inner-city teacher with the utmost respect. I emerged number one and presented in front of a world renown engineering firm despite havin a horrid education compared to the other students might i add: six asians, twenty-seven caucasians, and fifteen other African-American students. If that dosen't speak for my race, then what does. Think about it.
I can't wait until we legalize the raping of black women.
Ok, here's a rule awaking for every comment that I readed so far!
In the end of this world when God almigthy turns his attention to the whole world everyone will be judge as a whole human race no one will escape judgment. God has a beef with every nation on this whole earth.That's what you all should be thinking about.Whatever mess satan drag us into,It will take God himself to solve all of the problems that mankind found themselves involve in.
I wasn't going to post a message but at this very and immediate moment i have absoultely nothing to do on any level for the next 15 or so minutes.So i went ahead and wasted 10 minutes of my life reading your comments. Now i'll waste 30 seconds more with this comment. Leave it to americans, yes specially us americans, to jump on the racism topic like a bunch of bitches in heat. One of the most favorite topics in our media. True story. Go get a life losers, racism is here to stay because WE make it popular in every way possible. Deal with it and STFU. I just realized that i do have something better to do....to end this comment. Bye.
to the anonymous person that said genes make us who we, you are incorrect. of course physically they do, but when it comes to personal/psychological development then social environment plays a much much larger role than genes do.
for example someone with the MAO A gene who is brought up in a loving environment is extremely unlikely to display symptoms of psychopathy, however someone with the same gene raised in an abusive environment will most likely become a sociopath, so genes play a role but environment can and doe override, blaming genes us largely a cop-out, its just a way for society to relinquish responsibility and say 'oh that person cant be helped, its genetic'
There is no winning with these people. Racist people are going to think they are superior to everyone because that is how they are raised so there is no point arguing with their deeply held beliefs. Also, most of the research done on such topics is done with the researcher in question in mind so of course the results are going to be stilted in their favor. And most of it comes from the holocaust denying Pioneer Fund. Furthermore, the fact that this woman did not want to come down on one side of the issue maddens me. I don't mind people that argue these things, in fact I actually like it because it gets a debate going about society in general. But she's not even willing to stand her ground and make her point. It's part of white culture to use the flavor of the month to support inequality, instead of idk, taking credit for centuries of ruthless oppression...nope, blame the victim so I don't have to feel bad about myself. Rather it's divine right or genetic inferiority, it's all cut from the same cloth, all from the same type of thinkers. From her letter I gather that she is the type of person that places A LOT of importance on her intelligence, it seems to be wound up in her entire being. People like this are never going to give on this debate no matter how much evidence or reasoning you throw their way because they wouldn't feel special about who they are. I had a roommate like this in college who thought just because he got a 31 on his ACT without studying he was some kind of genius, and he sought to "enlighten" me with his genius by undermining every comment I made. It's just the way it is, my thing is just to do what I do and become an excellent oncologist. I don't need to prove or convince this girl of anything and neither does any black person for the matter. Just live you life and do what you do and recognize that these people are the overwhelming minority when it comes to these types of situations. I leave you with this quote. "The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts." -Bertrand Russell-
Here's some comedy, thank you Mr. Whiteman for giving me dem good white genes. Oh lord they dun surely cured all my problems. Yes lord, the white man be too kind to us lowly dark folk yes dey do. Nope, dat white man never done a thing wrong no he hasn't...he's just as kind and nice as can be lol...you gotta laugh sometimes or you'll kill yourself. Apparently the black IQ is around 90 now or something according to James Flynn. Don't know if that's true that's just what he said. Apparently blacks have gained on whites by about 5 points over the last 30 yrs which is good. That essentially places American blacks above most of the world including most Asian countries like India and all those middle eastern ones as well. It also places blacks above all of South America and Mexico. Oh yeah, blacks also have higher IQ's than Native Americans and latinos. So no blacks aren't on the bottom, people just really don't like us lol, so they say things like this. I've checked and almost no research or money is done on the white-latino gap, or the white-native american gap. Or any other kind of gap. All the money is spent on the black-white gap, careers are made about this gap, companies are built. People's children are sent to school studying this bs lol. Something like 70% of Native American children drop out of school but no one suggest they are genetically inferior. Around the same amount of Mexicans drop out as blacks, and Mexico is a shit hole but no one says it's genetics. Alas in the words of Paul Mooney "Racism is here to stay because white folks owned us and they will never get over it..." We live in a fucked up society that is pretty racist and hostile towards blacks...fact. What do we do? Just live you're life and do as well as you can until society is a little more brown :) Hopefully the world will change and all people can be free from stigmas but that's not the case now. Who do I blame? White people of course...I don't think any sane person would blame the Jews for the holocaust lol
FIRST OF ALL IF BLACKS ARE LESS INTELLIGENT HOW COME MICHEAL JORDAN WHOOP WHITE PEOPLES ASSES ON THE BASKETBALL COURT BACK IN THA DAY???THAN KOBE BRYANT AN NOW KING JAMES????? WHITES CAN'T COMPETE! AND NOW WE GOT THE WHITE WOMEN NOW WE GOT THE POWER YALL AINT SHIT I BEAT YALL RACIST ASSES IF U EVER WALK DOWN MY STREET!!!!!! RECOGNIZE !!!!
BASKETBALL IS A GAME OF INTELLIGENCE YOU CAN'T PLAY !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
BLACK PEOPLE INVENTED THE PYRIMADS THAT'S BETTER THAN ANYTHING WHY WE CELEBRATE CRISTOPHER COLUMBUS????? INSTEAD OF KINGS OF EGYPT THEY WERE BLACK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '!!!!!!!!!!!!!'!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!' OK IM BLACK AND THESE COMMENTS MADE ME ANGRY IM GOING OUT TO ROB SOMEBODY!!!!!!!'!!!,,,,,,,,,,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!,,!!,,!!!!!!!!!,,,!!!!!!!!!!!
YALL CAN'T BE SAYIN THIS SHIT IM REPORTING THIS WEBSITE!!!!!!!!
I really like your writing. Thanks so much, finally a decent website with good information in it.
Even if what Ms. Grace says is true, on an individual basis a Black might have enough innate ability provided he avoids all the destroyers of his body, such as alcohol, tobacco, drugs and other such vice. Too many Whites are addicted to drugs. Some are hopeless alcoholics. They've destroyed their lives. Being born with greater intelligence didn't save them. A person's character does count and should not be excluded.
She does not say that "Blacks are genetically inferior". She merely postulates the idea that there may be some variance in attributes amongst the races. Considering the facts, say, the cultural, linguistic, militaristic, materialistic, philosophical and artistic achievements of the European peoples; and on the other hand, the prevalence of illiteracy, illegitimacy, crime and poverty of the African peoples, whether in their native lands of else amongst the African diaspora, there may well be some merit to at least discussing this idea. At least, we should be careful of resorting to the lazy option of screaming "racist!!" whenever someone tries to discuss this. Especially when they do so in such an eloquent and civilized manner. Of course, if they choose to articulate themselves in some other manner, such as by shooting one another with AK47 assault weapons, then some degree of censure may be required.
This is good site to spent time on. allergy
africa had the first colleges (mali,cush) and first civilization b4 all other races do the math. after the roman empire fell europe went into the dark ages how smart is that
HAHAHA i was laughing my ass off at "FIRST OF ALL IF BLACKS ARE LESS INTELLIGENT HOW COME MICHEAL JORDAN WHOOP WHITE PEOPLES ASSES ON THE BASKETBALL COURT BACK IN THA DAY???"
That is hilarious. Yep basketball, the sport that takes so much intelligence you may have to be analyzing 2 things in your head at once! Yep did you know that Einstein played basketball? And that Steven Hawking still does?
the fact of the matter is sub saharan africans are genetically inferior. look at the thousands of years of history before european influence. they're not any different than they are now. they quite frankly are annoying, disease ridden, obnoxious, blatent murderers, and look like attractive gorillas. they just suck.
If all Blacks or as you like to refer to us these day "African Americans" are genetically inferior, does that mean that all Whites are genetically predisposed to become Pychopathic serial killers and rapist? The only things Blacks are is angry for having to put up with "lazy" ass Whites and their superior attitudes. And Whites are simply angry because we do not want to raise your children, cook your food, clean your houses, and submit to rape by White men. Genetically inferior, YELL Right!What a crock of shit. Folks give the President of the United States a difficult time because he is "Black." I was always taught that you are what your mother is. The Presidents's mother was very much White. For sure, he definitely has a direct mixed heritage, which makes him just as much White as he is Black. However, we will take him. And finally, because so many Black women were raped and bore mulatto children, there is hardly a pure race of African Americans.
First of all i am a black man studying medicine 2nd year.(forgive me english isnt ma 1st language) I am also a firm believer in Christ. I noticed how some of u enjoy using the word genetics. Genes determine your height, intelligence, physical strength etc... But wat many of you are 4gettin is that a humans DNA is subject 2 change. Thats why we are all different, otherwise we wud all be the same height as adam and eve. So our environment has a HUGE effect on our genetics. Multifactorial inheritance.
My point is... Africans brought 2 america and certain islands(im from an island) never really had a chance 2 develop ther inteligence while we were pickin cotton. In fact the white man chose the most physically robust africans to work the feilds. Thats why African americans are so good at sport.
400 years of slavery conditioned us 4 physical activity. Even so we still have amazin individuals who i refuse to beliv are inferior. Martin luther king, Obama, Oprah, Collin powell, Bob marley. These people were able 2 undo wat 400 years of slavery imprinted in our genetics and beat the odds.
Even now black people need 2 fight harder. Black ppl are poorer than the whites, therefore still dont have the means 2 acquire proper education. Lets not 4get the white man rules everything.
And being so financially challenged blacks need 2 resort to violence and other crimes 2 try and survive. Lets not 4get the emotional trauma we went thru for 400 years. Being taken away from ur home and family, being whipped and killed- that wud cause even whites, asians and any other ethnic group 2 be bitter and violent. This is something we must work on my black brothers and sisters.
let us try and forge ahead brothers and sisters, and rise up against oppression.
I think suicide would be a proper way to go for the "asian" anonymous.
All this anonymous makes me think these postings are the same coward. Well at least these cowards or coward don't have a voice in reality and can only post on the internet(Paradise of/for cowards).
and to the anonymous "teacher&professor"
, those students should have spit in your face each and every day class started. Oh yeah and professor is the same as teacher you stupid inferior imbecile.
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